Bio and chemistry

 Introduction to Diabetes  Diabetes is generally defined as “any disorder characterized by excessive urine excretion” There are two types of Diabetes  1) Diabetes Mellitus   2) Diabetes insipidus What is Diabetes Mellitus   Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder of glucose,it is a absolute or relative deficiency of insulin which results in hyperglycemia (increase blood glucose level).  Diabetes mellitus is a common clinical condition and third major cause of death in many developed countries, about 1/5th of individual's above the age of 50, Bearing this disease.   Deficiency of Insulin leads to increased blood glucose level. Thus, due to this high blood glucose, the entry of glucose into the cells is inefficient. Hence, all body cells are starved of glucose. Insulin Dependant Diabetes Mellitus(DDM)  It is also known as Juvenile-onset or Type-I Diabetes Mellitus. There is absolute deficiency of insulin due to viral or auto-immune destr...

Introduction to Nutrition  Nutrition are substances, which provide energy to the human body and include carbohydrates, proteins, fats and lipids, minerals, vitamins, eggs, water etc. Food is the main source of the body fuels.  The ingested food undergoes metabolism to give energy required for the vital activities of the body. Details included as; CARBOHYDRATES One gram of carbohydrates gives 4.6 Kilo calories (4600 calories). Carbohydrates rich foods are potatoes, cane sugar, cereals, fruits, sweets, syrups, chocolates and beet roots. Glucose can be produced in the body from amino acids and glycerol Carbohydrates  and fats are protein sparer i.e. they are used first, as the source of energy, instead of proteins hence prevent protein loss. Protein sparing action of carbohydrates is greater than that of fats. Some intermediate products of carbohydrate metabolism provide amino acids e.g. pyruvic acid and oxaloacetic acid can be aminated to form alanine and aspartic acid resp...